Is there a Cretan Supradetachment Basin? Insights From Detailed Mapping on Northwestern Crete (Greece)
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Abstract
The island of Crete in the South Aegean forearc exposes a fragmented and dismembered non-metamorphic nappe stack that is separated from underlying, exhumed high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic rocks by an extensional detachment system. Exhumation and nappe thinning is thought to result from large-scale extension, which occurred mostly between ~20 and 13 Ma according to cooling ages. Such major extension normally forms surface depressions, but surprisingly, sedimentary basin sediments on Crete post-date the bulk of exhumation and are younger than ~11 Ma. Because the oldest sedimentary rocks do not rework metamorphic rocks, they were interpreted as a (late-stage) supra-detachment basin, although the tectonic reconstruction of the oldest sediments is challenging. Here, we provide a new detailed geological map of northwestern Crete where the oldest sediments are best exposed. We show that the stratigraphy contains several hiatuses because of tectonic reorganizations that separate superimposed basin systems that were bounded by different major faults accommodating first N-S and later E-W extension. We find that even the oldest of these fault systems, starting at 10.9 Ma and governing the oldest sedimentary units of the Topolia conglomerates, must already have cut through the Cretan Detachment. The sedimentary basins of northwestern Crete thus entirely post-date activity of this detachment. Final exhumation of Crete's HP-LT complex was instead likely related to erosion in uplifted footwalls of normal faults. Our results highlight a paradox that during Crete's crustal thinning and HP-LT rock exhumation, it maintained a high topography, and that all basin formation occurred during later fore-arc extension.
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References
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